![]() The notion of integrated business services, where customers receive some value developed through the contribution from a network of companies is a key element. This paper proposes a service-oriented framework, aiming to support a virtual organizations breeding environment that is the basis for establishing short or long term goal-oriented virtual organizations. Services or more precisely the autonomous computational agents implementing the services, provide an architectural pattern able to cope with the needs of integrated and distributed collaborative solutions. Service orientation is a strategic approach to deal with such complexity, and various stakeholders' information systems. The growing complexity of the information and communication technologies when coping with innovative business services based on collaborative contributions from multiple stakeholders, requires novel and multidisciplinary approaches. These have created new challenges for manufacturing sector, and even bigger challenges for collaborative manufacturing. Furthermore, to cope with ever growing market competition and demands, it is necessary for manufacturing/enterprise systems to increase their responsiveness based on up-to-date knowledge and in-time data gathered from the diverse information and control systems. Typically each subsystem automates specific processes, and establishes closed application domains, therefore it is very difficult to integrate it with other subsystems in order to respond to the needed process dynamics. Those subsystems are not designed to the cooperation. Integrated manufacturing constitutes a complex system made of heterogeneous information and control subsystems. In our approach, experts are discovered based on dynamically changing contextual constraints, such as problem areas and required expertises, and enable their fast involvement by using Web 2.0 communication facilities. We highlight a typical use case where human experts are flexibly involved in certain steps of workflows that assist single tasks owners to solve emerging problems. In this paper, we discuss the role of human interaction sup-port in traditional process-oriented environments, and present new approaches to dynamic involvement and interactions with collaboration partners. However, finally all these steps are performed, or at least controlled, by humans and it is likely that in human-operated environments failures happen, and misunderstandings require adaptations and ad-hoc interference to avoid delays in workflow executions. Each step in these workflows is precisely scheduled, accounting for external constraints such as availability of material, delivery dates, and efficiency of humans and machines. Rigidly pre-planned business processes are applied in the field of production planning and product development to coordinate the collaboration of single enterprises. Keywords-interaction patterns trust mixed systems hu. Unlike a security- based view on trust, our approach relates to the emergence of trust across humans and services from a social perspective. To address the problem of trusted selection of participants, we introduce a mining approach for the automatic inference of trust relations. In complex and large-scale environments, processes might span interactions among partially unknown participants residing in different organizational units. In this paper, we discuss Human-Provided Services (HPS) enabling the seamless in- tegration of human capabilities in SOA. However, compositions require humans to be in the loop and ways to interface with people in a service-oriented manner. The success of service-oriented architecture (SOA) was mainly influenced by the standardization of composition languages such as BPEL. Abstract-The evolution towards cross-organizational col- laboration and interaction patterns has led to the emergence of scalable, Web services-based composition infrastructures. ![]()
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